Christmas in Switzerland – Ultimate guide to the holidays

Powdery landscapes, delicious holiday foods, and traditions rooted in alpine culture: Christmas in Switzerland is more beautiful than any postcard. 

Here in the heart of Europe, the Advent season is especially magical. In Swiss towns and villages scattered among the Swiss Alps, the holidays come with unique sets of traditions. I would even argue that due to its sheer diversity yet small scale, Switzerland offers a concentrated version of all that makes Christmas so special.

Christmas in Switzerland is pure alpine magic

Inside this magical snow globe, the Swiss celebrate Advent with twinkling lights, roasted chestnuts, magical illuminations, and centuries-old customs. Because the days of Advent are short and cold, many of the activities take place indoors.

When shared with family and friends, many rituals of the season are more fun: making an Advent wreath, baking Christmas cookies, or stirring in a pot of melted cheese without losing the bread...

Bundled up in warm winter coats, wearing hats and mittens, the Swiss also like to celebrate the holidays outdoors. In a best-case scenario, Switzerland is already being covered by the first snowfall as early as mid-November.

When the landscape is covered in white, the traditional St. Nicholas Day is that much more magical. And strolling through a Christmas market while thick snowflakes fall from the night sky is an unbeatable experience.

I assume that you are reading this Christmas in Switzerland guide because you want to learn about the most important Swiss Christmas traditions. From recipes for popular Swiss Christmas cookies to listings of Swiss Christmas markets and personal anecdotes: you have come to the right place. And, of course, I have covered everything you always wanted to know about Swiss Santa, a.k.a. Samichlaus or Père Noël...

From A to Z, here are some of the most significant Christmas in Switzerland traditions:

One of the joys leading up to Christmas is the 24-day countdown. The journey is the destination when it comes to Advent calendars, a popular thing for children of all ages. From December 1 to 24, they would open up a window or present every day, making the countdown to Christmas Eve more bearable.

There are at least three types of Advent calendars I can think of:

• Cardboard calendars with 24 little windows;
• 3D calendars containing little treats or gifts;
• Outdoor Advent calendars are scattered among 24 windows in a town, with an additional window lit up every night.

Growing up, my parents would craft all three types of Adventkalendar from scratch. One year, they would decorate our garage window as Winter Wonderland. And they would pack 24 small bags with things like puzzle pieces or Legos for us kids. By the time Christmas came around, all the pieces could be assembled, thus creating a Christmas gift of its own.

Today, Advent calendars of all shapes and sizes can be purchased with little effort. But on the flip side, this day and age have opened new doors the Swiss have never thought of in the past. From luscious lovers’ calendars with erotic surprises to gourmet calendars featuring Swiss artisanal products, there is an Advent calendar for every taste.

During the holiday season, one of the most significant rituals among Christians is Advent. On the four Sundays leading up to Christmas Eve, a new candle is lit on the Advent wreath. The circular Advent wreath is traditionally shaped of pine twigs, adorned by four candles, and placed on the dining table.

The tradition of lighting the four candles is a mindful way of counting down the four weeks until Christmas Eve. At the same time, it is also a fairly dangerous ritual. As wreaths naturally dry out over time, there are dozens of incidents every season where they catch on fire and burn down entire apartments.

Some community centers offer workshops to make your own Advent wreath. But we recommend picking one up at a local Christmas market instead.

Candle dipping is a popular Swiss holiday tradition that takes place in community centers and outdoor stalls. As early as mid-November, anyone can make their own candles by dipping wicks in hot molten wax. The wax is typically available in a variety of colors. While adults like the traditional bee wax, colorful wax allows children to use their creativity in making unique candles of their own.

Candle dipping requires quite a bit of patience. Dipping the wick into the hot wax before the previous layer has entirely dried results in the wax slipping off. Most kids make this experience at least once before realizing that they need to slow down.

At a minimum, it would take two hours to make a candle from scratch. Most people will have a number of wicks going at the same time, dipping one as the others are cooling off.

Candle dipping is an important social activity in Switzerland. It brings people together and raises funds for local organizations or charities. Two major places for candle dipping in Switzerland are in Zurich on Bürkliplatz, or in Luzern on Sempacherplatz.

In Switzerland, families celebrate Christmas on the evening of December 24. In the morning of Christmas Eve, or in the days shortly before, families would traditionally cut a fresh tree for their living room.

As Christmas Eve unfolds, the parents would decorate the tree in secret and hide it under a blanket. Only in the evening after dinner, the tree is being revealed for the family Christmas celebrations and gift exchange. Many would still light wax candles, but LED lights have become increasingly popular.

There are likely as many individual traditions as there are families in Switzerland. Some may tell the Nativity story while others may take a walk in the snow or toast with prosecco. From the perspective of our international author, Steph, here are some Swiss Christmas traditions that surprised her.

Winter brings out the most cheesy dishes in Switzerland. From raclette to cheese fondue, these dishes bring people together and are popular for Christmas as well.

In Switzerland, one of the most traditional dishes on Christmas Eve is fondue chinoise. Think hot-pot meets shabu shabu - raw meat is dipped and stewed in a pot of soup, then consumed with various condiments and sauces. Another popular dish is something my family would bake: a ham wrapped in bacon and pastry dough called Schinkli im Teig.

For more savory and sweet Christmas dishes, have a look at our Swiss winter foods guide.

Every year, the Christmas markets in Switzerland radiate a magical atmosphere. There are a variety of smaller markets visited by locals, as well as larger markets drawing visitors from an entire region. And a few Christmas markets, such as the ones in Basel, Bremgarten, or Montreux, are the pinnacles of the holiday season that are considered must-sees.

Most Christmas markets have certain things in common, including food stalls selling roasted almonds, gingerbread, or mulled wine. One of the latest foods is the raclette dog, a hot dog filled with melted cheese.

But many markets set themselves apart by offering something unique. There might be carriage rides, illuminations, local customs, vintage merry-go-rounds, tours of historic structures, or choir performances. 

The following links point contain the best Christmas markets in Switzerland, as well as related holiday events:

• Switzerland Christmas markets guide
• Swiss Christmas and New Year’s events
• How Montreux rocks the Holiday Season
• Here’s what Zürich looks like with Christmas decorations

In Switzerland, the most popular type of Christmas tree is Nordmann fir (65%), followed by spruce (20%). (Source) Half of the Christmas trees in Switzerland are being imported from places as far as Denmark. If you are near Zürich, here is a helpful list of places where you can cut your own tree to reduce your carbon footprint.

We like the idea of temporarily adopting a Christmas tree; it is more sustainable. Ecosapin or Happy Tree will ship a living tree to your doorsteps for the duration of the holidays. Then, after Christmas is over, the tree will be picked up and replanted.

Yet another alternative is to buy a Norfolk Island pine online. This tree resembles a Christmas tree but survives the seasons.

The cute Christmas breadman, shaped from sweet Zopf dough and with tiny raisin eyes, is simply too sweet to eat! But in those early days of December leading up to Swiss Santa Day, the Grittibänz are hawked by bakeries across Switzerland.

In many Swiss companies, it is a tradition for the employees to find a Grittibänz sitting on their desk on December 6. Schoolchildren might receive one from the visiting Santa. And many families who treasure the art of baking will make their own Grittibänz bread men. Here is a recipe to bake your own Grittibänz.

Some cultures have been putting up holiday illuminations for decades. Entire parks or shopping arcades in places like Kobe, Japan, would be decked with colorful lamps during the holidays. Possibly, this was a way of celebrating the holidays even in places where Christianity is not predominant.

Here in Switzerland, illuminations and light projections are still fairly new. But in recent years, cities like Bern, Lausanne, and Zürich have stepped up their game. Their large-scale projections of animations have become a tradition.

From the serene star lights in the old town of St. Gallen to the colorful projections on the Swiss Parliament building in Bern, Christmas in Switzerland truly has many faces.

• Rendez-vous Bundesplatz in Bern
• Advent in St. Gallen: 700 stars and culinary highlights (event details)

December 6 is an important day for many children in Switzerland: it is the official Swiss Santa arrival. On this day, the hooded Santa emerges from the forest with a donkey in tow. He would not be able to handle those bags full of nuts and mandarines without his helper. 

On December 6, Swiss Santa can be spotted as he walks from door to door, greets seniors in elderly homes, or visits kindergartens and schools. A good place to spot Swiss Santa and his sidekick is at one of the many Christmas markets - even if they are taking place on adjacent dates.

Unlike his American colleague, Swiss Santa is not in charge of gifts. Primarily, he meets with children to tell them stories or let them know what to improve in the year to come. In exchange for rehearsing a Santa poem, kids would get treats from Santa’s bag.

Every season, there are also a handful of extraordinary Swiss Santa happenings. Take the Santarun in Bern, a running event where every participant is dressed in a Santa outfit. Copy/paste this concept for a swimming event, the Samichlaus-Schwimmen in Zürich. And finally, there is Clauwau in Samnaun, the annual gathering of Santas from all over the world.

Depending on the language region, Swiss Santa and his sidekick have different names. Here is what to call them across Switzerland:

• Swiss German: Samichlaus and Schmutzli, St. Nikolaus
• French: Père Noël and Père Fouettard
• Italian: San Nicolao and Schmutzli

Learn more about the fascinating Swiss Santa tradition by digging into these posts:

• Samichlaus and Schmutzli – Learn how Swiss Santa works
• How the Swiss St. Nicholas tradition works
• Samichlaus – My first-hand encounter with Swiss Santa

Come December, bakeries across Switzerland switch into cookie-making gear. Be it inside home bakeries or local confectioneries, butter and chocolate are melted, and ovens are running at full steam.

Many Swiss families have the tradition of getting together on the days of Advent to bake Christmas cookies. While stores now sell prepackaged cookie dough, those who are serious about baking will start from scratch. Using local ingredients is the key to preserving the heritage of family recipes that often go back generations.

Some cookie recipes, such as Zimtsterne (Cinnamon Stars), take a bit of planning. The dough, once mixed, needs to rest for several hours before it can be shaped and baked. Other recipes, such as Mailänderli, are a bit more ad hoc as the dough requires less cooling.

My grandmother would bake about a dozen different cookies each holiday season. She would use tin cans to carefully store each batch. And whenever someone would visit during the holidays, she would proudly serve an assembled platter of Swiss Christmas cookies.

We have previously shared several Swiss Christmas cookie recipes:

• 5 Swiss cookies you’ve (probably) never baked
• Swiss Christmas cookie recipes with air time
• Mailänderli recipe with step-by-step instructions
• Recipe for “Spitzbuebe” Swiss Christmas cookies

Just like anywhere in the world where Christmas is celebrated, many Swiss families have their own set of rituals. Generally speaking, Christmas Eve is the time when most Swiss families eat a delicious dinner, gather around the tree to hand out gifts, and sing Christmas songs. Some will proceed to the church for a midnight service.

From my own perspective, these are the typical Swiss Christmas traditions I remember growing up. Starting in November, some towns and cities offer public candle-dipping stations. For an entire week, I would return to my town’s candle-dipping place every night in order to finish my bee-wax candles.

For adults, the making of an Advent wreath is a common November tradition. Since the four candles are lit on the four Sundays before Christmas Eve, the family’s wreath needs to be ready at one point in late November.

Another one of my childhood memories about Christmas in Switzerland is of the Advent calendar. In my young mind, the 24 windows, or little gifts, were an epic build-up to Christmas Eve. Every morning in December, I would jump out of the bed to see what the new day has in store.

Fast forward to December 6 when many Swiss children experience another highlight. For weeks, the little ones will have rehearsed their poems. They envisioned the bearded man with his helper in front of their inner eye. And they are ready to meet Samichlaus and claim the goodies in his bag. But when it is crunch time, stage fright is not uncommon…

On Christmas Eve, my parents used to decorate the freshly cut Christmas tree. My sister and I were not allowed in the room, and the tree was covered with a blanket before we were led back in. Then, after dinner, we would open a window and go for a brief walk as a family. (For some reason, my dad was always lagging behind...)

Then, by the time we returned home, the Christkind angel had magically delivered all the gifts! To our great surprise, the lights on the tree were lit and Christmas was finally here.